Illuminati Paper Persuasive Essay Example

Teaching English To Children With Learning Disabilities Education Essay

Encouraging English To Children With Learning Disabilities Education Essay Presentation The world we are living in is experiencing significant changes in an incredibly short measure of time. Everything is moving, everything is changing, including all the focal frameworks whereupon every single edified society of the world work. Instruction frameworks around the world are likewise in a steady transformation, attempting to stay aware of the individual and aggregate needs of the individuals, with the development of new advances and with the innovation when all is said in done. I have chosen to move toward the issue of the youngsters with learning incapacities, instructing English to them, in light of the fact that in spite of the fact that the science and the world have advanced quickly in the only remaining century, it appears that there are still parts of the general public that are disregarded or who are not given adequate credit, maybe from obliviousness, or maybe from accidental what to do. Why youngsters with learning challenges? Since they speak to an exceptional classification, which tragically is every now and again excluded, and youngsters with this condition are regularly positioned in schools where there is no certified staff to assist them with developing by and by and expertly as they should. For maintaining a strategic distance from disarray over what actually a realizing inability implies, in the primary part of my paper I figured it will be important to explain the idea, by offering the meanings of a few experts. In this equivalent part I will attempt to build up some hypothetical ideas, for example, the definite depiction of the term and of the conduct in question, which are all basic for understanding an understudy with Learning Disabilities. In the second part I plan to depict the conditions in which English has become in ongoing decades the worldwide language, and the significance and need of learning an unknown dialect in the socio-politic and monetary genuine setting, particularly for an ex-socialist nation in growing such the instance of Romania is for more than twenty years. In the third and last section, I will introduce the different strategies and methods of showing English as an unknown dialect accessible for the youngsters with learning challenges, offering instances of a few worksheets gathered with the help of a few English educators. A short advance to learning incapacities In this first section of my paper I need to examine the issue of learning handicaps dependent on particular readings, to make a short understanding into the historical backdrop of the field inquire about and an investigation of the variables hidden these variations from the norm, declaring the highlights of this issue and a portion of the ways by which a youngster with learning challenges can be followed so as to be made a difference. Youngsters over the world carry on with their actual life experience once they start school. For all of them it is a hotly anticipated second and most can impeccably adjust the instructive condition. All things considered, there are a few kids for whom school ends up being a task: the kids who are confronted with learning handicaps (LD). They speak to an extraordinary class which lamentably is regularly ignored. Verifiable review The methodology towards youngsters with learning incapacities isn't new in any way. It exists even from the development of school, however it was not until the 1960s that it was underscored. The oddity here comprises of the higher intrigue demonstrated of late towards kids with such an inability and discovering ways all through they can benefit from outside intervention to defeat the troubles experienced while examining, or even through their entire lifetime. The man starting the term was Samuel Kirk (chief of the Federal Office of Educations Division of Handicapped Children somewhere in the range of 1963 and 1964 and establishing executive of the Institute for look into on Exceptional Children at the University of Illinois) , term which is considered to structure a neurological issue influencing offspring of typical knowledge, physical wholeness, passionate wellbeing and normal inspiration, yet who are confronting inconveniences in utilizing certain aptitudes and making progress at school and in regular daily existence. Characterizing the term end up being a mind boggling procedure and along these lines, after some time numerous variations have been proposed by specialists, instructors and different experts of the field. In the primary version of his examination concerning the instruction of uncommon kids in 1962, Kirk gave the accompanying definition: A learning incapacity alludes to a hindrance issue, or deferred improvement in at least one of the procedure of discourse, language, perusing, composing, number juggling, or other school subject coming about because of a mental debilitation brought about by a potential cerebral brokenness as well as passionate or conduct aggravations. It isn't the consequence of mental hindrance, tactile hardship, or social and instructional components. (Kirk 263) The definition and the term given by Kirk to plan the turmoil were quickly grasped by the guardians in the principal national meeting regarding the matter, hold around the same time since it clarified that there is an extraordinary distinction between the psychological issue and the learning one. The meaning of Kirk additionally gave a strong establishment to additionally research and definitions in the field. As indicated by Turkington and Harris most definitions propose that learning handicaps are changeless, influence a scope of language and arithmetic capacities, and are caused to a limited extent from issues inside the focal sensory system, as specified by the Interagency Committee on Learning Disabilities, an association shaped by 12 offices inside the government gouvernment in USA in 1987: Learning incapacities is a nonexclusive term that alludes to a heterogenous gathering of disarranges showed by huge troubles in the obtaining and utilization of listening aptitudes, talking, perusing, composing, thinking, or scientific capacities, or of social abilities. These scatters are characteristic for the individual and attempted to be because of the focal sensory system brokenness. Despite the fact that a learning incapacity may happen correspondingly with other crippling conditions,[], a learning handicap isn't the immediate aftereffect of those conditions or impacts. (ICLD 222) These days, it appears that the most generally utilized definition is the one remembered for the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act from 2004 (Flanagan, Alfonso), which not at all like most definitions, it alludes to a particular learning incapacity: The term explicit learning handicap implies a confusion in at least one of the essential mental procedure engaged with comprehension or utilizing language, spoken or composed, which may show itself in the flawed capacity to tune in, think, talk, read, spell, or do scientific estimations. Such a term incorporates such conditions as perceptual handicaps, cerebrum injury, negligible mind brokenness, dyslexia, and formative aphasia. Such a term does exclude a learning issue that is fundamentally the aftereffect of visual, hearing, or engine incapacities; of mental impediment; of enthusiastic unsettling influence; or of an ecological, social, or financial weakness. (Thought, 2004, 602.30, Definitions) The quantity of understudies who are in such a circumstance is a lot higher than one may might suspect. In England for instance 2% of the populace has a learning handicap as per the British Institute of Learning inabilities, which additionally makes reference to the way that the term learning trouble is liked to learning incapacity, on the grounds that the general public we live in is unforgiving and frequently the issue of learning challenges is confused and related to mental issues. Albeit a learning incapacity can regularly go with such an issue, it's anything but a standard as determined in the definitions given by Kirk or expressed in the IDEA. The differentiation between the two terms can be seen rather at a social level (Americans incline toward utilizing inability and Europeans trouble) rather to the particularity of the issue: Learning inability is a general term that alludes to people who think that its harder to learn, comprehend and convey. Different terms that are utilized to portray a people circumstance incorporate complex needs or high help needs. Learning trouble - is regularly utilized in instructive settings and alludes to people who have explicit issues. Youngsters and youngsters requiring specialized curriculum needs are frequently portrayed as having a learning trouble. All through the world, learning incapacities influence in any event 1 out of 10 kids. In any case, these days a learning inability isnt thought about any longer an impediment. Individuals have figured out how to acknowledge those with such conditions, and the personas from the open life had an incredible commitment. Aside from the exemplary instances of Albert Einstein who couldn't address the age of three, or the incomparable Demostene who was an incredible open speaker in the old occasions, yet who in his childhood confronted significant issues of stammering, there are additionally current open figures who recognize unreservedly that at a specific second in their lives have been gone up against with such a disease, for example, on-screen character Tom Cruise, vocalist Cher or executive Steven Spielberg. Reasons for learning inabilities The specific makes driving these kinds of inabilities have not been unmistakably expressed by pros in their examination. In any case, some reference was set up for the two guardians and for instructors I request to utilize them in diagnosing youngsters with LD. There are a few factors that might be accused for such a turmoil. Among these, the most imperative to recollect are: hereditary variables, natural components and ecological elements. Hereditary components Proof has indicated that learning issues run in families. The chances that a youngster is learning-crippled are a lot higher when the in the family was recently detailed in any event one such case. There are maternal factors, for example, the utilization of medications, liquor or tobacco during pregnancy that have negative impacts; it is notable that moms who smoke during pregnancy for instance, are bound to endure little infants, who are at a higher hazard for learning incapacities; poor pre-birth me

Strengths, limitations and challenges of ethical and socially responsible business practices The WritePass Journal

Qualities, impediments and difficulties of moral and socially capable strategic approaches Presentation Qualities, impediments and difficulties of moral and socially capable strategic approaches ) contends that actualizing CSR activities may make the organization lose its attention on its principle objective, which is making a benefit. In any case, given that organizations rely upon clients to make benefits, they are obliged to guarantee that they draw in them definitely, one of them being production of a decent notoriety through CSR activities. Pride et al. (2009) contend that moral strategic policies limit the open doors for business to build their benefits. Concerning creating nations that are still portrayed by defilement, global organizations that are moral may decay to offer pay-offs for favors. Along these lines, they may neglect to set up activities in such nations or in the event that they start tasks, an out of line rivalry arranged by political powers may restrain them from accomplishing their operational limit. There are additionally a few organizations where representatives might be paid low wages or crude materials are purchased are unacceptable costs to expand their productivity. Such â€Å"opportunities† might be passed up a great opportunity by organizations that committed to acting morally. Notwithstanding, it tends to be contended that limitation of organization opportunities by moral practices is helpful to the more extensive society. Difficulties of actualizing moral and socially capable strategic approaches One of the primary difficulties looked by organizations in executing moral and socially mindful strategic approaches is the huge number of partners included (Ferrell et al., 2011). While it is regularly at the enthusiasm of the business to provide food for the requirements of every one of its partners, it is frequently hard to accomplish. This makes some business reluctantly act unscrupulously, either straightforwardly or by implication. A case of such a circumstance is the point at which an organization gets its provisions from one provider with which it has made a relationship over time.â If the organization later understands that the provider utilizes kid work to set up the provided crude materials, it may be trying for it to quickly cut off such a provider. This is on the grounds that the government aides of different partners in the association rely upon the steady flexibly of crude materials. An instance of an organization that is in such a quandary is Wal-Mart. With an end goal to separate itself with industrial facilities with work infringement and wellbeing issues, the organization delivered a rundown of 200 production lines, banishing them from providing product to them in 2011. Nonetheless, after two years, the US customs records demonstrated that in any event two among the 200 banished organizations were all the while sending product to Wal-Mart. A comparative case was built up to occur with Wal-Mart Canada. In Wal-Mart’s guard, it was expressed that the organizations were all the while providing to Wal-Mart on account of a disarray that existed with respect to whether its principles applied. This was on the grounds that the provider being referred to was creating pieces of clothing under the name of another organization (Grabell, 2013). This is a run of the mill case of the difficulties that organizations face in usage of moral and socially dependable practi ces. To beat such difficulties, organizations ought to define moral approaches that direct the means that must be embraced on the off chance that such circumstances emerge. This will empower organizations like Wal-Mart to maintain a strategic distance from embarrassments of this sort. End Moral strategic policies should be done in all business angles, which incorporate item plan, acquisition, arrangement of budget reports and enlistment of staff, among others. As it has been introduced in this paper, adherence to standards of business morals might be helpful to the association, clients, representative and different partners that are influenced legitimately or in a roundabout way by the association. It has additionally been called attention to that adherence to moral and socially capable business standards might be disadvantageous to the organization. Notwithstanding, the hierarchical weaknesses that might be brought about by this are contended to be focal points to the more extensive society. The key test to usage of moral and socially capable strategic approaches is presented by the enormous number of partners included. In this manner, while organizations are urged to act morally, they must know about the restrictions and difficulties included. References Chua, F. Rahman, A., 2011. Institutional Pressures and Ethical Reckoning by Business Corporations. Diary of Business Ethics, 98(2), pp.307-29. Ferrell, O.C., Fraedrich, ‎J. Ferrell, L„., 2011. Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases. Bricklayer: Cengage Learning. Grabell, M., 2013. Walmart Accepted Clothing from Banned Bangladesh Factories. [Online] Available at: http://business-ethics.com/2013/06/17/1606-walmart-acknowledged apparel from-prohibited bangladesh-manufacturing plants/ [Accessed 11 november 2013]. Hopkins, M., 2012. Corporate Social Responsibility and International Development. New Jersey: Routledge. Lindgreen, A. Swaen, V., 2010. Corporate Social Responsibility. Global Journal of Management Reviews, 12(1), pp.1-7. Pride, W.M., Hughes, R‎.J. Kapoor, ‎J.R., 2009. Establishments of Business. Artisan: Cengage Learning. Rehak, J., 2002. Tylenol made a legend of Johnson: The review that began them all. The New York Times, 22 March. Shaw, W.H., 2010. Business Ethics: A Textbook With Cases: A Textbook with Cases. Bricklayer: Cengage Learning. Trevino, L.K. Nelson, K.A., 2010. Overseeing Business Ethics. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Qualities, constraints and difficulties of moral and socially capable strategic approaches Qualities, constraints and difficulties of moral and socially capable strategic approaches ) contends that actualizing CSR activities may make the organization lose its attention on its principle objective, which is making a benefit. Notwithstanding, given that organizations rely upon clients to make benefits, they are obliged to guarantee that they pull in them definitely, one of them being making of a decent notoriety through CSR activities. Pride et al. (2009) contend that moral strategic policies limit the open doors for business to build their benefits. Regarding creating nations that are still portrayed by debasement, global organizations that are moral may decrease to offer pay-offs for favors. In this manner, they may neglect to set up tasks in such nations or on the off chance that they start activities, an out of line rivalry organized by political powers may confine them from accomplishing their operational limit. There are additionally a few organizations where workers might be paid low wages or crude materials are purchased are inadequate costs to build their productivity. Such â€Å"opportunities† might be passed up a major opportunity by organizations that committed to acting morally. Notwithstanding, it very well may be contended that limitation of organization opportunities by moral practices is valuable to the more extensive society. Difficulties of actualizing moral and socially capable strategic policies One of the primary difficulties looked by organizations in actualizing moral and socially dependable strategic policies is the enormous number of partners included (Ferrell et al., 2011). While it is frequently at the enthusiasm of the business to provide food for the requirements of every one of its partners, it is regularly hard to accomplish. This makes some business reluctantly act dishonestly, either legitimately or in a roundabout way. A case of such a circumstance is the point at which an organization gets its provisions from one provider with which it has made a relationship over time.â If the organization later understands that the provider utilizes youngster work to set up the provided crude materials, it may be trying for it to quickly cut off such a provider. This is on the grounds that the government aides of different partners in the association rely upon the steady flexibly of crude materials. An instance of an organization that is in such an issue is Wal-Mart. With an end goal to separate itself with production lines with work infringement and security issues, the organization delivered a rundown of 200 manufacturing plants, banning them from providing product to them in 2011. In any case, after two years, the US customs records showed that at any rate two among the 200 banned organizations were all the while sending product to Wal-Mart. A comparative case was built up to occur with Wal-Mart Canada. In Wal-Mart’s resistance, it was expressed that the organizations were all the while providing to Wal-Mart on account of a disarray that existed with respect to whether its measures applied. This was on the grounds that the provider being referred to was delivering pieces of clothing under the name of another organization (Grabell, 2013). This is a common case of the difficulties that organizations face in execution of moral and socially mindful practices. To beat such difficulties, organizations ought to figure moral arrangements that direct the means that must be embraced on the off chance that such circumstances emerge. This will empower organizations like Wal-Mart to maintain a strategic distance from embarrassments of this sort. End Moral strategic policies should be completed in all business angles, which incorporate item structure, obtainment, readiness of budget reports and enlistment of staff, among others. As it has been introduced in this paper, adherence to standards of business morals might be useful to the association, clients, worker and different partners that are influenced legitimately or in a roundabout way by the association. It has additionally been brought up that adherence to moral and socially mindful business standards might be disadvantageous to the organization. Nonetheless, the authoritative inconveniences that might be brought about by this are contended to be focal points to the more extensive society. The key test to execution of moral and socially mindful strategic approaches is presented by the enormous number of partners included. In this manner, while organizations are urged to act e

Micro Baterial Morphology Lab

Bacterial Morphology Part 1: Viewing Prepared Slides of Common Bacterial Shapes Familiarize yourself with each morphological sort to use as a relative apparatus for the rest of the movement. Record your perceptions. Section 2: Disinfecting Your Area to Use Live Organisms: Part 3: Viewing Live Organisms †Wet Mount Preparation There was a few single adaptable cell formed cells that fluctuated in size. There were five to some degree darker regions that were roundabout fit as a fiddle. There were additionally three enormous, strangely molded regions that had exceptionally unmistakable edges. Section 4: Direct Staining: Slide One: There were two groups that were genuinely simple to recognize.All of the cells were cocci. A portion of the phones were enormous while others were for all intents and purposes nonexistent. Slide Two: There were various layers of cells. The cells were rectangular fit as a fiddle and shifted in size. A core was obvious in every cell. Slide Three: This slide w as a blend of various shapes. Nothing was conspicuous. Section 5: Indirect Staining: Chains of the two cocci and bracillus cells were both noticeable and recognizable. The chains differed long. The cheek and yeast smear was more clear. Similar shapes were viewed as before just with more keen outlines.The cells were a lot simpler to see with more detail. Questions: A. What are the upsides of utilizing blanch as a disinfectant? The drawbacks? The benefits of utilizing 70% liquor? The burdens? B. Rundown three reasons why you may decide to recolor a specific slide as opposed to see it as a wet mount. C. Characterize the accompanying terms: †¢Chromophore: †¢Acidic Dye: †¢Basic Dye: D. What is the distinction among immediate and roundabout recoloring? E. What is heat fixing? F. For what reason is it important to guarantee that your examples are totally air dried preceding warmth fixing? G.Describe what you saw in your plaque smear wet mount, direct recolored slide, and by implication recolored slide. What were the likenesses? What were the distinctions? H. Portray what you saw in your cheek smear wet mount, direct recolored slide, and in a roundabout way recolored slide. What were the similitudes? What were the distinctions? I. Portray what you saw in your yeast wet mount, direct recolored slide, and in a roundabout way recolored slide. What were the likenesses? What were the distinctions? J. Were the cell types the equivalent in every one of the three example sets: yeast, plaque, and cheek? How were they comparable? How were they unique?

2020-2020 Common App Essay Samples

2020-2020 Common App Essay SamplesWhat I like to see in the 2020-2020 Common App essay samples is that there are a lot of options for the student. There are a lot of different places that a student can turn to in order to get the best advice and tips that they need for this application process. There are many different methods that a student can go about doing their research on this application process, so how do students know what is right for them?The first place a student should consider when looking at the Common App essay samples is the essay counselor that has access to the materials that are used in the program. The counselor will be able to help students get the kind of advice and guidance that they need to use for their essays. Students can then make their decisions as to which essay method that they are most comfortable with. This helps a student to choose the methods that they feel best work for them.Another place that a student should look for advice on the essays that th ey will be writing is the advisor that is assigned to help the student. The advisor will be able to give them a few tips and guidelines that will help them write their essays more effectively. Students can take these guidelines and take them into consideration when they are writing their own essays. They can take the advice that the advisor gives and use it to make their essays work better.After the guidelines and the tips and the advice that the advisor has to offer, students can take the best essays from the Common App essay samples and read them over. They can read them over to see how they might look to a group of peer reviewers. If they see something that stands out to them and gives them pause, then they should write a short essay about it.Students should also be sure to read the notes that are provided with the essay samples. The notes will have information that a student can use when they are writing their own essays. The information that is provided with the essay samples i s usually helpful for a student's first write up on their essays.Another place that a student should look when looking at the Common App essay samples is online. The Internet is a great resource for any student to use in order to research or learn more about the content that is contained in the application. A student can learn all kinds of useful information that they can use when they are writing their own essays.Students can research papers that are used in business school, research papers that are used in schools that are on the West Coast and even essays that are used in the medical profession. The Internet will also allow a student to learn about the different ways that students can learn to write their own essays. This is information that they can use when they are writing their own essays.A student should take their time when choosing the 2020-2020 Common App essay samples that they use. They should choose the ones that best suit their needs. After all, they should be choosin g the ones that best suit their skills.

ELM-510 Topic 5 Behavior Reduction Strategies Table - 275 Words

ELM-510 Topic 5: Behavior Reduction Strategies Table (Other (Not Listed) Sample) Content: Expectations VideoNameInstitutionCourseDateResearch topicFindingsReference citationStrategies used to prevent inappropriate behaviorThe teacher sought the consent of the learners in deciding the classroom rules. It is apparent from the film that the teacher lets the students write what they wish about the learning period and the behaviors of others. One of the pupils writes that he expects "long play time" and that he does not expect noise from her peers (John, 2016). Involving learners in making the class rules enables the teacher to prevent inappropriate behavior based on the learners' suggestions ("National Comprehensive Center for Teacher Quality," 2016).National Comprehensive Center for Teacher Quality, Classroom Organization and Behavior Management Innovation Configuration (2016).  HYPERLINK "/products-resources/classroom-organization-and-behavior-management-innovation-configuration" /products-resources/classroom-organization-and-behavior-management-inn ovation-configurationJohn, B. (2016). Setting Expectations on the First Day of School. Teaching Channel. Retrieved 18 May 2016, from  HYPERLINK "/videos/setting-classroom-expectations" /videos/setting-classroom-expectationsStrategies used to respond to inappropriate behaviorResponding to inappropriate behavior begins by the teacher enquiring how the pupils are feeling that first day in school. The teacher inquires the learner's feelings in the morning when calling the register, and some claim that they are nervous while others agree that they are excited. It is from the inquiry that the teacher knows how to "deal with the learners" who may portray inappropriate behavior (John, 2016).John, B. (2016). Setting Expectations on the First Day of School. Teaching Channel. Retrieved 18 May 2016, from  HYPERLINK "/videos/setting-classroom-expectations" /videos/setting-classroom-expectationsStrategies used to teach replacement behaviors and re-teach appropriate behaviorThe first strategy to teach the appropriate behavior involves the teacher allowing the students to make suggestions regarding the noise levels (John, 2016). Then the teacher chooses the ideal noise levels in the class. Thus, the students choose when to talk and listen. The report of the National Comprehensive Center for Teacher Quality (2016), asserts that getting students' views helps the teacher to identify the appropriate methods to control behaviors.National Comprehensive Center for Teacher Quality, Classroom Organization and Behavior Management Innovation Configuration (2016).  HYPERLINK "/products-resources/classroom-organization-and-behavior-management-innovation-configuration" /products-resources/classroom-organization-and-behavior-management-innovation-configurationJohn, B. (2016). Setting Expectations on the First Day of School. Teaching Channel. Retrieved 18 May 2016, from  HYPERLINK "/videos/setting-classroom-expectations" /videos/setting-classroom-expectationsStrategies used to reinforce proceduresThe teacher rewards a student who answers that the amount of noise in the classroom depends on the context. Such rewards are useful in reinforcing appropriate behavior. Teaching listening skills involves the strategies to reinforce procedures ("National Comprehensive Center for Teacher Quality," 2016). First, the teacher encourages students to keep their hands intact, their legs motionless and their eyes on the speaker (John, 2016). The teacher encourages students to be silent for their minds to be ready to learn as a way of reinforcing procedures.National Comprehensive Center for Teacher Quality, Classroom Organization and Behavior Management Innovation Configuration (2016).  HYPERLINK "/products-resources/classroom-organization-and-behavior-management-innovation-configuration" /products-resources/classroom-organization-and-behavior-management-innovation-configurationJohn, B. (2016). Setting Expectations on the First Day of...

Jane Eyre A True Love Story - 1875 Words

Jean Rhys and Charlotte Bronte agitated their pieces of work during different times and come from two different backgrounds. Although these things set these two women apart, their use of symbolism can be closely compared to one another. Wide Sargasso Sea, the prelude to Jane Eyre, paints a picture of how accounts and understandings differ from each novel, creating a sense of characters pasts being unavoidable. The Wide Sargasso Sea is an imaginative and innovative rejoinder to Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre. Jane Eyre is a true love story in many aspects, yet it would not be a true love story if there weren’t complications and disadvantages along the way. Bertha Mason is the connecting piece to each of these puzzles; she was also one of the main sources of trouble in Jane Eyre. She was Rochester’s first wife, a mad and incompetent creole woman whom he kept locked away at his estate Thornfield. The story takes a sad and tragic turn in Bertha’s favor when she burns Thornfield to the ground, killing herself and disabling Rochester in the process. This series of events seemingly changed the course of life for Rochester and Jane, and ultimately made them equal. Jane inherits a fortune, raising her status to Rochester’s, and Rochester ultimately depends on Jane because of his aliments. However, Rhys found fault in Bronte’s representation of Bertha in Jane Eyre. Rhys sought to write a story that was absent from the context that Jane Eyre provided; Bertha and Rochester’s doomedShow MoreRelatedCompare and Contrast: Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre and James Joyces Araby830 Words   |  4 PagesContrast: Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre and James Joyce’s Araby James Joyce’s Dubliners is a collection of short stories developed chronologically from his youth to adulthood. Joyce attempts to tell a coming of age story through Dubliners. 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The Death Of Joseph Stalin - 1829 Words

â€Å"Death is the solution to all problems. No man - no problem.† This is a direct quote from one of the most notorious men in history, Joseph Stalin. Stalin was the leader of the Soviet Union from the mid 1920’s until his death. The period in which he ruled over the Soviet Union was known as the Reign of Terror because he was a malicious leader who was ready to do anything to maintain the level of power he achieved. He will forever be remembered as a cold blooded and heartless leader, who took the lives of millions without remorse. This research paper will cover this notorious and deceitful dictator and his early life, rise to power, his reign of terror, and the aftermath of his actions. Joseph Stalin was born on December 18, 1879, in Gori, Georgia, which was a Russian peasant village. His birth name was Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili, but he was later referred to as Joseph Stalin, which is what he is known as. His father was Besarion Jughashvili, and was a cobbler. His mother was Ketevan Geladze, who was a wash woman. Joseph was a very small and frail child. He was often treated very cruelly by his peers when he was young because of physical deformities. When he was 7 years old he contracted smallpox, which left his face scarred. A few years later he was in a carriage accident which left his arm slightly deformed. Many believe this was a result of blood poisoning that left his arm in a deformed state. Because of the bullying he was subjected to when he was young, he was left inShow MoreRelatedCommunist Leader Joseph Stalin : The Death Of One Man1246 Words   |  5 PagesCommunist leader Joseph Stalin once promulgated â€Å"The death of one man is a tragedy. The death of millions is a statistic.† Attesting to the manner in which war assimilates the mind into accepting death, Stalin’s words came to fruition in the minds of leaders during the American Civil War, a four year strife over sectionalism. While both sides suffered heavy los ses, the Union was ultimately able to defeat the Confederates States of America in 1865 after the Confederates surrendered. Nonetheless,Read MoreCommunist Leader Joseph Stalin : The Death Of One Man1661 Words   |  7 PagesCommunist leader Joseph Stalin once promulgated â€Å"The death of one man is a tragedy. The death of millions is a statistic.† Attesting to the manner in which war assimilates the mind into accepting death, Stalin’s words came to fruition in the minds of leaders during the American Civil War, a four year strife over sectionalism. While both sides suffered heavy losses, the Union was ultimately able to defeat the Confederates States of America in 1865 after the Confederates surrendered. Nonetheless,Read MoreFrom the 1920’s up until his death Joseph Stalin was the leader of Russia. What ensued under600 Words   |  3 PagesFrom the 1920’s up until his death Joseph Stalin was the leader of Russia. What ensued under Stalin’s rei gn didn’t evoke emotions of love for country within the Russian people. Under Stalin the people lived in constant fear because of an epidemic within their own country, genocide of Stalin’s own people by Stalin himself. From 1934 up until 1939 a period of mass fear swept over Russia and at the helm Stalin with his (helpers?) of mass killings, the NKVD which are the internal police. Russia has alwaysRead MoreComparing Adolf Stalin And Adolf Hitler And Hitler843 Words   |  4 PagesAdolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin are 2 notoriously known people in world history. Both Stalin and Hitler are known for the great number of deaths they have caused. Although both men have totally different reasons on why they killed so many people their ways of leadership are somewhat alike. Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin both use propaganda as a technique to get people to support them. Using propaganda shows the public what they want to hear and see, even if it’s not true they use this method to trickRead MoreJoseph Stalin : A Leader Of The Soviet Union1561 Words   |  7 PagesHour April 1, 2016 Joseph Stalin From the start of World War II in 1939, until the year of 1953, Joseph Stalin was the leader of the Soviet Union. Hitler, who was a ruthless leader of Nazi Germany from 1934-1945. He initiated WWII and oversaw fascist policies that resulted in millions of deaths ( Adolf Hitler Biography 2016). Stalin and Hitler were the two brutal leaders during this time period and the both of them took many lives and caused fear all across the nation. Joseph Stalin’s ruthless leadershipRead MoreMacbeth and Stalin1481 Words   |  6 Pageswho will pursue his self-interests by misusing his power. Such assumptions can be made with the ruthless and mass murderer dictator, Joseph Stalin and the cruel tyrant from Shakespeare play Macbeth. Joseph Stalin is known as the most merciless and murderous dictator in history. While ruling the soviet USSR for quarter of the century his regime caused many deaths of innocent people and prominent political members. From 1924 onwards, he executed many politi cal members most notable Lenin’s heir, LeonRead MoreAdolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin1033 Words   |  5 PagesAdolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin are two of the most sadistic dictators of the past century. They both reigned terror in Europe during World War II. Fueled by rage and anger, Hitler and Stalin rose to power and exploited their beliefs throughout Germany and Russia. Stalin turned Russia into a Communist country while Hitler was turning Germany against Jews. The leadership of these dictators brought death and fear to many who opposed them. Hitler and Stalin both shared deprived childhoods, vicious fathersRead Moreâ€Å"Paper Will Put Up With Anything That Is Written On It†-757 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Paper will put up with anything that is written on it†- Joseph Stalin. Born Joseph Vissarionovich Djugashvili on December 9, 1879 (Joseph Stalin by: Janet Caulkins). As a boy born in Gori, Georgia he was called Soso for short. Dangerous and Fateful life be gan in a small town called Gori, in the south of the empire, near the black sea (Joseph Stalin by: Janet Caulkins). Life was no picnic for Stalin growing up in low class economy, having both of his parents being peasants. Soon when he couldn’tRead MoreEssay Paper1254 Words   |  6 PagesDeadrick Evans Professor Seal March 15, 2012 Life of Joseph Stalin Stalin was a great a man and on his way in life to some prosperous achievements. The man who turned the Soviet Union from a backward country into a world superpower at unimaginable human cost Stalin was born into a dysfunctional family in a poor village in Georgia. Permanently scarred from a childhood bout with smallpox and having a mildly deformed arm, Stalin always felt unfairly treated by life, and thus developed a strongRead MoreBio of Stalin1535 Words   |  7 PagesVissarionovich Dzhugashvili Ruthless and ambitious, Joseph Stalin grabbed control of the Soviet Union after the death of V.I. Lenin in 1924. As a member of the Bolshevik party, Joseph Stalin (his adopted name, meaning Man of Steel) had an active role in Russias October Revolution in 1917. He maneuvered his way up the communist party hierarchy, and in 1922 was named General Secretary of the Central Committee. By the end of the 1920s, Joseph Stalin had expelled his rival Leon Trotsky, consolidated

The Self-Made Man, The Epitome Of The “American Dream”

The self-made man, the epitome of the â€Å"American Dream† is a paragon of virtue, independence, and success. The American dream can be defined as a ‘rags-to-riches’ story. In his novel The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald challenges the reality of the American dream through Nick Carraway, a fairly well-off young man with no tangible life goals. Since Nick does not have a real dream, he compares the many dreamers in his life to the ideal self-made man. Fitzgerald conveys that upward class mobility is achieved only with help and fraud. First, Tom and Daisy Buchanan were born into massive amounts of wealth and fill the ‘riches’ qualification of the American dream but not the self-made element. Next, gas station owner Mr. Wilson and photographer†¦show more content†¦They are wealthy but not independently successful nor virtuous, and therefore do not exemplify the American dream. Conversely, working men, such as Mr. Wilson and Mr. McKee, have no real chance at realizing their dreams. For example, Wilson dreams of buying ‘the car’ that Tom has promised him. He is waiting for Tom to sell him the car and believes that this singular trade will boost his career. Wilson is at Tom’s mercy and his financial reliance contradicts the idea of independence as a part being self-made. Fitzgerald mentions Wilson, he mentions ‘the car,’ and describes him as having a â€Å"damp gleam of hope† (28). The word â€Å"damp† makes Fitzgerald’s language particularly depressing, because it paints an image of Wilson dejectedly holding on to his disintegrating dream. Moreover, Tom never sells Wilson the car, further highlighting the dream’s unattainability. Similarly, by campaigning for Tom’s invitation to photograph wealthy elites, Mr. McKee also contradicts the American dream’s linchpin: independence. Mr. McKe e needs Tom to open a door of opportunity, so he implores, â€Å"I’d like to do more work on Long Island if I could get the entry. All I ask is that they should give me a start† (36). Fitzgerald’s choice of the word â€Å"they† is telling as it speaks to the contrary notion that the permission of an entire class is needed for Wilson to be able to move up the ladder. Tom mocks McKee’s request by suggesting he take photos of Mr.Show MoreRelatedEssay Jay Gatsby: The Tragic Hero in The Great Gatsby1332 Words   |  6 Pagesa life lesson. In The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, Jay Gatsby is the tragic hero who portrays the corruption of the American dream through his tragic flaw. His devastating death at the end of the novel portrays the dangers of centering one’s life on money and other materialistic things and warns the reader not to follow his foolish steps. Jay Gatsby is the epitome of a tragic hero; his greatest attribute of enterpris e and ambition contributes to his ultimate demise but his tragic story inspiresRead MoreThe American Dream is a recurrent theme in American literature, dating back to some of the earliest600 Words   |  3 PagesThe American Dream is a recurrent theme in American literature, dating back to some of the earliest colonial writings. Benjamin Franklin, who is considered to be the epitome of the self-made man once said, â€Å"The Constitution only guarantees the American people the right to pursue happiness. You have to catch it yourself† (Franklin). Furthermore it is the belief that every man, whatever his origins, may pursue and attain his chosen goals; whether they be political, financial or social. However, theRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Fitzgerald Essay1548 Words   |  7 Pagesremained in the lowest social division—struggling to survive, let alone thrive. This ever-growing wealth gap was the basis for which the American Dream was created. The American Dream ideal ized the notions of potential and possibility, thusly giving the lower class hope of social mobility and economic success. Two tales written during this era epitomize the American Dream through lower class protagonists who find financial fortune. The first is The Great Gatsby, written by Scott F. Fitzgerald in the midstRead MoreSocial Anxiety : America s National Identity991 Words   |  4 PagesTranscendental thought is responsible for generating an American ideology of individualism, civil disobedience, and an emphasis on Man s individual affiliation with God. Within a generation of the revolution, American authors were initiating an exploration of an emergent American sensibility with a neoteric literary conviction. This new authorship of philosophical thought is characterized as â€Å"literary nationalism† and is furthermore expressed as an American Renaissance, yielding intellectually influentialRead MoreThe Great Gatsby and the American Dream1442 Words   |  6 Pagesfounding fathers Â…held certain truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness. This sentiment can be considered the foundation of the American Dream, the dream that everyone has the ability to become what he or she desires to be. While many people work to attain their American dream, others believe that the dream is seemingly impossible to reach, like FRead MoreBenjamin Franklin And Frederick Douglass1133 Words    |  5 Pagesdescribed as inspirations and epitomes of the true American Dream. These men represent self-reliance, independence, and share a desire for liberty. Though there work ethics and values may be viewed as similar, they both came from very different backgrounds. Franklin grew up in a big middle-class family. His parents were loving, however he was the fifteenth child out of seventeen children. Because of this Franklin had to rely heavily on himself while growing up, which made for tough times, yet he hadRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald653 Words   |  3 Pagesthe American life style in 1922. Jay Gatsby, an American wealthy social identity, appears to have it all. But wealth, stature and an extravagant lifestyle seems not to be enough for Gatsby; he still yearns for his old idealistic love Daisy. In an ideal world this has the making of a great love story with a happy ending, but Fitzgerald chose to carry the story as a reflection of the American era the book is set in. An era consumed by appearances and excess and overall pursuit of the American dreamRead MoreThe American Dream By Ralph Ellison1465 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Dream exists in the hearts of all Americans and is a concept that drives many people from all over the world to want to come to America. It holds the promise of infinite possibilities and allows them to escape a society of poverty and racism. This Dream also exists in the hearts of many Americans already living in America. However, this dream primarily exists in the minds of minority populations, such as African Americans, whose past is full of discrimination based on their race. TheRead MoreThe American Dream : The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald856 Words   |  4 PagesThe Tainted American Dream America is known as the land of the free; where opportunity and prosperity are around every corner. Merriam-Webster’s definition of American Dream is â€Å"a happy way of living that is thought of by many Americans as something that can be achieved by anyone in the U.S. especially by working hard and becoming successful.† Anyone, regardless of circumstance or socioeconomic status, with enough hard work and determination can achieve the American Dream. The Great Gatsby canRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1101 Words   |  5 PagesAllison Petronzio Smith English 1302 Paper #7 The Great Gatsby 7 May 2015 American Dream Realities In the novel â€Å"The Great Gatsby† by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the story of a man named Jay Gatsby is told through the perspective of Nick Carraway. Gatsby had a special plan for what he thought his life should consist of, and stopped at nothing to make sure that he rose above his poor roots into a wealthy, socially admirable status. With hopes of winning over the heart of his former lover, Daisy Buchanan

Customer Service Essay - 2359 Words

Customer Service Customer Service is the employees of an organization giving customers what they want. They need to provide the right products and the right service to all the customers and potential customers. The organization and its individuals provide products and services to meet the expectations of its customers. Customer Service applies to all types of customers, these include; individuals, groups, people from different cultures and people with specific needs. Customer service is important to the organization for the following reasons: Effective customer service promotes: Ã…Â ¸ Customer Satisfaction Ã…Â ¸ Job satisfaction of staff Ã…Â ¸ Repeat Business Ã…Â ¸Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦There are twenty-two Hollywood Bowls situated around the UK, stretching from Glasgow in Scotland to Taunton in the far south. Teesside Parks Hollywood Bowl is in the top three of most visited throughout the UK, there are many reasons for this such as, Hollywood Bowl is the only Bowling Centre in the area, and most of there customers are within a twenty minute radius, this covers Redcar and Cleveland, County Durham, the North York Moors and much more. When we were at Hollywood Bowl all the staff were very helpful, right from the people who greeted us at the door to the staff who attended to our needs at the bowling lanes. --------------------------------------------------------------------- All the staff have a lot of contact with the customers, such as on the day we were at Hollywood Bowl, there was a big school party that were playing bowling blind folded for the RNIB blind awareness week. The staff were taking food and drink orders from all of the children and helped them with any problems that they came across. At the start of their bowling one member of the management staff explained the rules over the microphone to all of the children, many of the management staff wereShow MoreRelatedCustomer Service2488 Words   |  10 PagesCustomer Service Research Paper Before I get into further analysis of my own personal experience, I am going to explain about different characteristics that are involved in customer service. Most businesses will tell you that quality customer service is the keystone to success. An essential component of outstanding customer service is the possession of a great staff. Larger companies may be weighed down by employee handbooks that specify the customer service guidelines. Independent, smaller businessesRead MoreCustomer Service2541 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿Customer Service at Datatronics Datatronics is an organization that serves their customers with Enterprise Resource Planning integrated solutions. Their growth is mainly attributed to acquisitions of smaller competitors. E-Z RP was such a company that despite its inferior size compared to Datatronics was able to succeed and outperform Datatronics on grounds of customer service and customer satisfaction. Datatronics recognized the fact and acquired E-Z RP with the aim to improve in that respectiveRead MoreCustomer Service Services And The Service Sector2162 Words   |  9 PagesSince+ the global economy embraced customer service, issues regarding levels of customer service have become more prominent in service organisations. Even now there are organisational managers with no training or knowledge of how organisations in the service sector require a high level of customer service. This is ignorance of the fact good customer service can create a competitive advantage; increase profit; efficiency; and increase staff a nd customer retention and satisfaction. Based on comprehensiveRead MoreCustomer Service And An Organization1445 Words   |  6 Pagescontinuously fail in customer service satisfaction for many reasons. As service failures are inevitable, it is important for companies, especially small businesses, to capitalize on learning the importance of reducing service failure. Just as the seed is the core of the fruit, customer service is the core of an organization; its meaning is the primary function for organizations to retain business and discover new ventures. Customer service is the primary source of business-to-customer communication andRead MoreCustomer Service Essay641 Words   |  3 Pagesto communicate with customers to identify and agree on product/ service specifications. It is crucial to be aware that customer expectations and needs will change from time to time and will be affected by market trends, fashions and changes in external environments. This means the business plans need to be adapted to changing needs of customers and is important that organisations communicate with its customers. Profiling is a method to understand the needs of the customers. Profiling enables organisationsRead MoreThe Etiquette Of Customer Service1601 Words   |  7 PagesThe Etiquette of Customer Service – Instructional Guide Overview Objective Key points How to say â€Å"I’m sorry† without apologizing in customer service? There are justifiable situations that require customer service representatives to say â€Å"I’m sorry† without apologizing. Situations include: a plan benefit that is not covered, denial of a pre-authorization, or an appeal denial. Session#1 I’m Sorry When this occurs, there are phrasesRead MoreCustomer Service Representatives1622 Words   |  7 PagesZappos. This is followed by a hierarchal ranking of the four major presenting problems for the company, which are: maintaining the â€Å"wow† image without overspending, inventory management/distribution problems, transportation efficiency problems and customer behavior problems. Each of these problems is addressed in more detail in the discussion section and the recommendations section at the end of the analysis. Prior to the conclusion and recommendations section, a list of possible strategic alternativesRead MoreCustomer Service At The Restaurant2103 Words   |  9 Pages†¢ Execute exceptional outstanding customer service by recruiting, leading and developing people and planning, organising, directing, controlling and evaluating all the operations of the restaurant to build sales and control costs to deliver optimum business results for the restaurant †¢ Understand, enforce and train Crew and Managers on all appropriate policies, award minimums, security and safety procedures. †¢ Modifying the operational procedures as per the requirement of the profitability of theRead MoreCustomer Service1186 Words   |  5 Pagessome companies aim to look after their customers well, ensuring that the customer is at the heart of their business and everything they do. In marketing terms this is called being customer focused. It is important to realise that customers can take their business anywhere they want to and if they are not satisfied they will take their business elsewhere. Therefore, it is very important to understand who our customers are, their expectations of the service they experience and how that effects futureRead MoreEssay on Customer Service1144 Words   |  5 PagesSection 1 – Understand the factors that affect an organisation and the customer service role 1. Complete the table below with a description of the products and services for at least two commercial organisations, public organisations and third sector organisations. Please ensure you provide a description for each organisation, rather than a list. Organisation type Name of organisation Description of products and services Commercial organisation Commercial organisation

Systems Implementation & Service Management Coast to Country Parks

Question: Discuss about the Systems Implementation Service Management: Coast to Country Parks. Answer: Introduction As per the approach of post war baby boomers and with the given increased importance give to the leisure, it has been found that, for the development of Coast to Country Pub, a service level agreement is needed to be considered. Recently there is an ad hoc approach to the service management by the IT support staffs at the, head office located in Melbourne and both small and large caravan park. Over some of the decades, IT service management is adequate. However, in the recent times the concern is increasing rapidly regarding service level. There are different options of service level agreements however; based on the background of the project an accurate Service Level Agreement is needed to be prepared by the head of the IT support staffs. Service level agreement Service level agreement is referred to as a tool or formally negotiated agreement that helps to identify the expectation, responsibilities and communication approach that must be followed between the consumers and service providers. The process of establishing a service level agreement, strengthen the communication between the club members and the developers. The aims of the clubs are to provide general services and to build loyalty among the club the existing members and new members who have joined the club. They have large caravan parks, those are independent in nature, provides successful accommodation to all the public club members. Service level agreement is defined as a service that provides services which are expected from the vendors. These are lying out the metrics through which the services can be measured accordingly. This is a critical factor considered for the contract of any technology vendor. Based on the type of the project the SLA should be prepared. It includes not only the service description provides and the expected service levels rather the metrics through which the services can be apparently measured. In order to add and remove metrics, SLA also provides duties and a responsibility of each of the members associated to the club and also gives the remedies and penalties for breach. SLA helps to communicate with the elements and all other communities in place to provide a consistent IT service support and delivery to the clients through service providers. It provides a clear reference for the service time frame that represents a concise, clear and a measurable description of service provision to the consumers. Through SLA, perceptions can be matched of thee expected service provision along with the actual service support and delivery. Different Service Level Agreements Different types of Service Level Agreements (SLA) are there such as customer service level agreement, internal service level agreement, vendor service level agreement, that might assign a type (Binu and Gangadhar 2014). Based on the ITSM requirements among these types of assignments the most suitable SLA for this CCP is the vendor service level agreement. This is referred to as an agreement that helps to create a bridge between the members and the vendors of CCP construction. The project is willing to append a design based solution for the identified problem. Based upon the technical resource availability, the help desk staffs will need to look all possible activities, according to the call service by using different remote access tools. Besides this it will support the analysts for accessing the resources (Zhao et al. 2014). SLA ensures that the total expenditure expending to serve the correct purposes. It also provides proper work station support to the members (Katyal and Mishra 2014). Additionally it also provides proper support to the servers. Through regular server maintenance, the system logs and all backup can be monitored accordingly. Whether the adopted resources are utilizing accurately or not are also measured easily with SLA. For Coast to Country Parks (CCP Club), the SLA is needed to be developed for the following reasons: Onsite support can be achieved by the same technicians on a weekly basis according to the created preliminary schedule (Juneja and Sharma 2014) It also includes all callouts those are emergency but non-scheduled It does not take any additional fee for the callout It provides proactive and reactive maintenance details of the CCP club It provides unlimited telephonic support and loan unites as well wherever required For all computing equipments, details insurance report are available From the remote support advantages, around 70%of the problems can be resolved For any additional EOS, discounts are available It also gives proper backup to data and security From the overall discussion it can be said that, with the enlarged importance provided to leisure, the demand for better quality travel accommodation is also increasing eventually (Chraibi et al. 2017). Nowadays, vast changes are taking place and as a result the caravans are replacing by privately owned caravan parks. However, the individually owned caravan parks did not stand beneficial and contained many disadvantages as well (Busalim and Ab Razak Che Hussin 2015). Due to number of reasons these issues have been occurred and as a consequence, most of the times the members collaborate together to develop a caravan park club. The travelers often get additional benefits which helps to grab new members and also lock in existing consumers. In the operations across Australia, many caravan parks are there such as Family Park, top parks etc. These give high competition to chemist shop, hotel liquor shops etc that are independent in nature but completely joined together and in many case eac h of these chains might have loyalty cards (Sharaf and Djemame 2015). Another park named as Coast to Country Parks (CCP) was there in Australia. Conclusion The aim of this park is to provide common services and loyalty among the community team members. In addition to this it also serves available accommodation to the members of the club. For service management there is an ad hoc approach provided by all the IT support staffs. It can be said that, Service Level Agreement (SLA) provides proper guidelines, negotiation and consensus building approach to the consumers. From the CCP project perspectives. Before collaboration, Vendors Service level agreement should be prepared to make the club measurably profitable. References Luna, J., Suri, N., Iorga, M. and Karmel, A., 2015. Leveraging the potential of cloud security service-level agreements through standards.IEEE Cloud Computing,2(3), pp.32-40. Katyal, M. and Mishra, A., 2014. A comparative study of load balancing algorithms in cloud computing environment.arXiv preprint arXiv:1403.6918. Busalim, A.H. and Ab Razak Che Hussin, 2015. An Integrated Framework for E-Commerce Cloud Service Level Agreement. InPACIS(p. 254). Juneja, R. and Sharma, D., 2014. Service Level Agreement Comparison in Cloud Computing.International Journal of Engineering and Management Research (IJEMR),4(3), pp.126-131. Chraibi, M., Maach, A., Meftah, S. and Harroud, H., 2017. Policy Based Context Aware Service Level Agreement (SLA) Management in the Cloud.CLOUD COMPUTING 2017, p.132. Sharaf, S. and Djemame, K., 2015. Enabling service-level agreement renegotiation through extending WS-Agreement specification.Service Oriented Computing and Applications,9(2), pp.177-191. Zhao, Y., Jiang, H., Zhou, K., Huang, Z. and Huang, P., 2014, April. Meeting service level agreement cost-effectively for video-on-demand applications in the cloud. InINFOCOM, 2014 Proceedings IEEE(pp. 298-306). IEEE. Binu, V. and Gangadhar, N.D., 2014, October. A cloud computing service level agreement framework with negotiation and secure monitoring. InCloud Computing in Emerging Markets (CCEM), 2014 IEEE International Conference on(pp. 1-8). IEEE.

caunca case digest Essay Example For Students

caunca case digest Essay Petitioner Efren C. Moncupa, together with others, was arrested on April 22, 1982 at about 10:50 P. M. , at the corner of D. Street and Quezon Avenue, Quezon City. Moncupa D. Tuazon was brought to MIG-1 5 Camp Bago Bantay, Quezon City where he was detained. On April 23, 1982, on the allegation that he was a National Democratic Front (NDF) staff member, a Presidential Commitment Order (PCO) was issued against him and eight (8) other persons. After two separate investigations, conducted first, by Lieutenant Colonel Gerardo Lantoria, Jr. Chief of Task Force Makabansa Investigation Group and second, by Investigating Fiscal Amado Costales of Quezon City, it was ascertained that the petitioner was not a member of any subversive organization. Both investigators recommended the prosecution of the petitioner only for illegal possession of firearms and illegal possession of subversive documents under Presidential Decree No. 33. Consequently, two separate informations were filed against the pet itioner, one, for illegal possession of firearms before the Court of First Instance of Rizal and the other for violation of P. D. 3 before the City Court of Quezon City. Against the other accused, however, the cases filed were for violation of P. D. 885 as amended. Significantly, the petitioner was excluded from the charge under the Revised Anti-Subversion Law. During the pendency of this petition, it is significant that his arraignment and further proceedings have not been pursued. And yet, the petitioners motions for bail were denied by the lower court. Hence, the petitioner filed the instant petition. The respondents, in their return of the writ Justified the validity of petitioners etention on the ground that the privilege of the writ had been suspended as to the petitioner. However, on August 30, 1983, the respondents filed a motion to dismiss stating that on May 1 1, 1983, the petitioner was temporarily released from detention on orders of the Minister temporary of National Defense with the approval of the President. The respondents stated. Since the petitioner is free and no longer under the custody of the respondents, the present petition for habeas corpus may be deemed moot and academic as in similar cases. The issue to be resolved is whether r not the instant petition has become moot and academic in view of the petitioners temporary release. It is to be noted that attached to the petitioners temporary release are restrictions imposed on him. These are: 1) His freedom of movement is curtailed by the condition that petitioner gets the approval of respondents for any travel outside Metro Manila. 2) His liberty of abode is restricted because prior approval of respondents is also required in case petitioner wants to change his place of residence. ) His freedom of speech is muffled by the prohibition that he should ot participate in any interview conducted by any local or foreign mass media representatives nor give any press release or information that is inimical to the interest of national security. 4) He is required to report regularly to respondents or their representatives. The petitioner argues that although admittedly his temporary release is an improvement upon his actual detention, the restrictions imposed by the respondents constitute an involuntary and illegal restraint on his freedom. The petitioner stresses that his temporary release did not render the instant petitioner ctual detention to the legality of the conditions imposed by the respondents. We agree with the petitioner. The reservation of the military in the form of restrictions attached to the temporary release of the petitioner constitute restraints on the liberty of Mr. Moncupa. Such restrictions limit the freedom of movement of the petitioner. It is not physical restraint alone which is inquired into by the writ of habeas corpus. In Villavicencio v. .u4528fdf4f2d4d1eaaa661a77fda8faa5 , .u4528fdf4f2d4d1eaaa661a77fda8faa5 .postImageUrl , .u4528fdf4f2d4d1eaaa661a77fda8faa5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4528fdf4f2d4d1eaaa661a77fda8faa5 , .u4528fdf4f2d4d1eaaa661a77fda8faa5:hover , .u4528fdf4f2d4d1eaaa661a77fda8faa5:visited , .u4528fdf4f2d4d1eaaa661a77fda8faa5:active { border:0!important; } .u4528fdf4f2d4d1eaaa661a77fda8faa5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4528fdf4f2d4d1eaaa661a77fda8faa5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4528fdf4f2d4d1eaaa661a77fda8faa5:active , .u4528fdf4f2d4d1eaaa661a77fda8faa5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4528fdf4f2d4d1eaaa661a77fda8faa5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4528fdf4f2d4d1eaaa661a77fda8faa5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4528fdf4f2d4d1eaaa661a77fda8faa5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4528fdf4f2d4d1eaaa661a77fda8faa5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4528fdf4f2d4d1eaaa661a77fda8faa5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4528fdf4f2d4d1eaaa661a77fda8faa5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4528fdf4f2d4d1eaaa661a77fda8faa5 .u4528fdf4f2d4d1eaaa661a77fda8faa5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4528fdf4f2d4d1eaaa661a77fda8faa5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Mahatma Gandhi EssayLukban, the women who had been illegally seized and transported against their will to Davao were no longer under any official restraint. Unlike petitioner Moncupa, they were free to change their domicile without asking for official permission. Indeed, some of them managed to return to Manila. Yet, the Court condemned the involuntary restraints caused by the official action, fined the Mayor of Manila and expressed the hope that its decision may serve to bulwark the fortifications of an orderly government of laws and to protect individual liberty from Megal encroachment. In the light of the above ruling, the present petition for habeas corpus has not beco me moot and academic. Other precedents for such a conclusion are not wanting. The decision in Caunca v. Salazar (82 Phil. 851) states: An employment agency, regardless of the amount it may advance to a prospective employee or maid, has absolutely no power to curtail her freedom of movement. The fact that no physical force has been exerted to keep her in the house of the respondent does not make less real the deprivation of her personal freedom of movement, freedom to transfer from one place to another, from to choose ones residence. Freedom may be lost due to external moral compulsion, to founded or groundless fear, to erroneous belief in the existence of the will. If the actual effect of such psychological spell is to place a person at the mercy of another, the victim is entitled to the protection of courts of Justice as much as the individual who is illigally deprived of liberty by deprived or physical coercion. In Tibo v. The Provincial Commander (85 SCRA 564), this Court ruled: Although the release in the custody of the Deputy Minister did not signify that petitioners could once again enjoy their full freedom, the application could have been dismissed, as it could be withdrawn by the parties themselves. That is a purely voluntary act. When the hearing was held on September 7, 1978, it turned out that counsel for petitioner Bonifacio V. Tupaz could have academic in a hasty manner when he set forth the above allegations in his manifestation of August 30, 1978, for Attorney Jose C. Espinas, who appeared for petitioners, while conceding that there was such a release from confinement, also alleged that it was conditioned on their restricting their activities as labor union leaders to the premises of the Trade Unions of the Philippines and ABSOLUTE Services, presumably in Macaraig as well as the Ministry of labor. As the voting was to take place in the business firm in Bataan, the acts set would nullify whatever efforts they could have exerted. To that extent, and with the prohibition against their going to Bataan, the restraint on liberty was undeniable. If so, the moot and academic character of the petition was far from clear. More recently, we had occasion to rule squarely on whether or not a temporary release from detention renders the petition for writ of habeas corpus moot and academic. As in this case of Moncupa, the petitioners in Toyoto, et al v. Hon. Fidel Ramos, et al, G. R. No. 9270, October 15, 1985, the petition for habeas corpus on the ground that the petitioners had been temporarily released and their case had, therefore, become moot and academic. The petitioners insisted, however, that their case may be considered moot and academic only if their release would be permanent. In ruling for the petitioners, we said: Ordinarily, a petition for habeas corpus becomes moot and academic when the restraint on the liberty of the petitioners is lifted either temporarily or permanently. We have so held in a number of cases. But the instant case presents a different ituation. The question to be resolved is whether the State can reserve the power to re-arrest a person for an offense after a court of competent Jurisdiction has absolved him of the offense. .u05ac558fc3547ee598b1b7fe6066caee , .u05ac558fc3547ee598b1b7fe6066caee .postImageUrl , .u05ac558fc3547ee598b1b7fe6066caee .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u05ac558fc3547ee598b1b7fe6066caee , .u05ac558fc3547ee598b1b7fe6066caee:hover , .u05ac558fc3547ee598b1b7fe6066caee:visited , .u05ac558fc3547ee598b1b7fe6066caee:active { border:0!important; } .u05ac558fc3547ee598b1b7fe6066caee .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u05ac558fc3547ee598b1b7fe6066caee { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u05ac558fc3547ee598b1b7fe6066caee:active , .u05ac558fc3547ee598b1b7fe6066caee:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u05ac558fc3547ee598b1b7fe6066caee .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u05ac558fc3547ee598b1b7fe6066caee .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u05ac558fc3547ee598b1b7fe6066caee .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u05ac558fc3547ee598b1b7fe6066caee .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u05ac558fc3547ee598b1b7fe6066caee:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u05ac558fc3547ee598b1b7fe6066caee .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u05ac558fc3547ee598b1b7fe6066caee .u05ac558fc3547ee598b1b7fe6066caee-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u05ac558fc3547ee598b1b7fe6066caee:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: What is Linguistics? EssayAn affirmative answer is the one suggested by the respondents because the release of the petitioners being merely temporary it follows that they can be re-arrested at anytime despite their acquittal by a court of competent jurisdiction. We hold that such a reservation is repugnant to the government of laws and not of men principle. Under this principle the moment a person is acquitted on a riminal charge he can no longer be detained or re-arrested for the same offense. This concept is so basic and elementary that it needs no elaboration. In effect the principle is clear. A release that renders a petition for a writ of habeas corpus moot and academic must be one which is free from involuntary restraints. Where a person continues to be unlawfully denied one or more of his constitutional freedoms, where there is present a denial of due process, where the restraints are not merely involuntary but appear to be unnecessary, and where a deprivation of freedom riginally valid has, in the light of subsequent developments, become arbitrary, the person concerned or those applying in his behalf may still avail themselves of the privilege of the writ. The respondents have failed to show why the writ may not issue and why the restraints on the petitioners freedom of movement should not be lifted. WHEREFORE, the PETITION GRANTED. The conditions attached to the temporary release of the petitioner are declared null and void. The temporary release of the petitioner declared ABSOLUTE. NO costs, SO ORDERED.

Knowledge vs. Experience Essay Example

Knowledge vs. Experience Essay The celebrated Indian philosopher J. Krishnamurti one time said. There is no terminal to instruction. It is non that you read a book. base on balls an scrutiny. and finish with instruction. The whole of life. from the minute you are born to the minute you die. is a procedure of larning. ( whale. to/a/krishnamurti ) Krishnamurti is turn toing larning as a procedure in which an person attempts to derive certain cognition for foreordained intents. He clearly believes that rote memorisation is inferior to larning from experiences. Academic cognition through text editions can learn persons theories about life. Life. nevertheless. perverts from theory often. The lone manner persons are traveling to cognize about these divergences is when they experience the battles and fruits of life on their ain. [ Similarly. in this compelling novel by Herman Hesse. Siddhartha learns that enlightenment can non be reached through his 7 instructors because it can non be instilled in an individual’s head -enlightenment comes from the inner ego and through the experiences in which 1 must obtain wisdom from. ] he said it can be a small better In the gap of the novel. Siddhartha is influenced by outside instructions in his hunt for enlightment. His male parent and his associated community ideally want him to go a successful Brahmin. alternatively of fall ining the Samanas. Everyone else around him still has non reached enlightenment. and Siddhartha feels that shacking with them will increase his wonder sing his presence in life. ( Siddhartha to himself ) [ He had begun to surmise that his worthy male parent and his other instructors. the wise Brahmins. had already passed on to him the majority of their wisdom†¦ his psyche was non at peace. ( 3 ) ] Siddhartha craves to better admit the innermost kernel of ego and its connexion to the universe in a society. The cognition passed on to him nevertheless does non explicate this. which is why Siddhartha speculates the beginnings of the universe and his topographic point in it. When Siddhartha departs on his journey to accomplish enlightenment. he joins the Samanas and accustoms rapidly to their lifestyle because of the endurance and subject he learned in the Brahmin rites. H e learns how to liberate himself from the mercenary universe he was populating in. losing his desire for ownership and dress. However Siddhartha is still unsated. We will write a custom essay sample on Knowledge vs. Experience specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Knowledge vs. Experience specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Knowledge vs. Experience specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The way of self-denial does non supply an constituted solution for Siddhartha. He comes to the realisation which is this: the Samanas have been merely every bit unsuccessful as the old counsel he has encountered. Siddhartha’s thirst for cognition has merely increased. as he tells his good friend. I suffer thirst. Govinda. and on this long Samana way my thirst has non grown less†¦I have ever thirsted for cognition. ( 15 ) Buddha is still funny. therefore Govinda convinces him that they both should go forth the Samanas and seek out the Buddha. During Siddhartha’s quest for enlightment. he and Govinda are looking for Gotama’s whereabouts. As they are taken in. Siddhartha is informed about a instruction called the Eightfold Path and the four chief points in order to accomplish the lasting solution of abstaining from the pleasances of the universe. However. while Govinda is wholly influenced by these instructions. Siddhartha is still non satisfied. ( Gotama to S iddhartha ) [ The learning which you have heard†¦is non to explicate the universe to those who are thirsty for knowledge†¦its end is redemption from the agony. ( 27 ) ] Siddhartha is still unsated. and desires to grok the significance of life’s intent in the universe in an complete manner. Like the Samanas. Buddha’s followings escape from world without linking to it. Most significantly. Siddhartha feels that he can non accomplish enlightment from an external beginning such as a instructor. He grounds that in order to make enlightenment. one must larn merely through experience and instructions by other wise mans. Wisdom is gained through experience. while cognition is taught. This is the ground he can non accept Buddha’s instructions. At this point of the novel. Siddhartha knows he will hold to go his good friend behind to get down a hunt for the significance of life which will be based on experience. instead than spiritual instructions. Siddhartha determines to put out on a life abstaining from speculation and to alternatively come in the stuff universe to research the physical pleasances of his organic structure. In this new universe of his. Siddhartha encounters a friendly ferryman. populating his free life to its fullest. After traversing the ferrymanà ¢â‚¬â„¢s river. he arrives to a metropolis where a beautiful kept woman named Kamala mesmerizes him. He believes she would be the most worthy one to learn him about the physical facets of love. but Kamala will merely teach him until he proves he can suit into the mercenary universe. With her counsel. Siddhartha takes up the way of the merchandiser and engages in concern with a adult male named Kamaswami who taught him how to merchandise. While Siddhartha achieves the wisdom of the concern universe and experiences how to make concern in the material universe. Kamala becomes his lover and teaches him about every physical facet of love. [ She taught him that lovers should non divide from each other after doing love†¦so that no feeling of devastation arise nor the horrid feeling of misusing ( 54 ) ] Siddhartha renounces the religious way and exchanges the hunt for Atman to see physical pleasances. However. Siddhartha and Kamala are both incapable to give and have existent love at this phase in the novel. Siddhartha has eliminated himself from the universe wholly and is non influenced by what the universe has to offer him. Since both these external ushers are unable to learn him wisdom. he knows he must now accomplish wisdom on his ain. This consciousness itself comes from his inner ego. Siddhartha starts his way to seek enlightenment go forthing the Brahmins. the Samanas. Gotama. and the stuff universe because he fe els unhappy with himself. As Siddhartha leaves the corrupted stuff universe. he approaches a river and considers what way his life has taken him. Ironically. the same ferryman whom he met old ages before introduces himself with the individuality as Vasudeva. Siddhartha senses interior peace and wisdom within this adult male. and motivates him to obtain it every bit good. Finally Siddhartha resides and works with Vasudeva until he comes to cognize his boy was born. With his boy. Siddhartha eventually experiences love. but since love is a connexion to the universe. it threatens to deflect Siddhartha from his hunt for enlightenment. It’s non until now when Siddhartha has gained wisdom on his ain without any mercenary influences. therefore the love he expresses for his boy becomes a trial of this wisdom. ( Siddhartha to himself ) [ It is a good thing to see everything oneself†¦as a kid I learned that pleasances of the universe and wealths were non good†¦ but I have merely merely experienced it now†¦ ( 80 ) ] Siddhartha implies that the Buddha’s instructions or any beginning of external counsel do non d o one enlightened ; they merely transfer cognition to the society around them. Siddhartha is cognizant enlightenment can merely be reached if he will be able to accept love. and every bit hard as it might be. to even accomplish Nirvana. Successfully. Kamala and his boy influenced him to a great extent and because of them. Siddhartha learned and experienced how to love the universe and accept it as a whole. Siddhartha encounters many instructors of wisdom during his journey. but each fails to take him to his end: to seek enlightenment. The ferryman nevertheless. is successful and shows Siddhartha how to happen enlightenment within him by barricading out all exterior counsel. [ Vasudeva will non merely state Siddhartha what he should cognize like the others. but a usher who will take him where he wishes to go. ] After go forthing the material universe. Siddhartha seeks for cognition from the river he crossed and Vasudeva ushers Siddhartha to listen to it for a better apprehension of what the river communicates. Vasudeva does non state Siddhartha what the river will state. but when Siddhartha discloses what the river has expressed to him. Vasudeva clearly admits that he excessively has received the same wisdom on his a in. Now. Siddhartha realizes that he himself becomes the ferryman after making enlightenment. ( Siddhartha talking to himself ) [ The river is everyplace at the same time†¦ Siddhartha the male child. Siddhartha the mature adult male. and Siddhartha the old adult male [ are ] merely separated by shadows. non through world. ( 87 ) ] The river is compared to Siddhartha as it is considered uninterrupted but yet ever changing within. deeper below the organic structure of H2O. Siddhartha now belongs to everything environing him alternatively of being classified to a peculiar group. At the terminal of the novel. Govinda returns to the river. still seeking enlightenment. and asks Siddhartha to learn him what he has learned. Siddhartha explains that neither he nor any other single can learn the wisdom to Govinda. because spoken accounts are definite and can neer pass on enlightenment as a whole. ( Siddhartha to Govinda ) [ When person is seeking †¦he is unable to happen anything†¦because he is obsessed with his end. ( 113 ) ] Govinda is confused merely like he was when they met near the river after Siddhartha had considered suicide. This means he still does non understand the significance of life because he hasn’t experienced the universe. staying a follower to Buddha. Therefore. Siddhartha’s ultimate attainment of Nirvana does non come from external counsel pass oning the wisdom to him. but alternatively by sing an internal connexion with the river. which encompasses the whole existence.

What Is an MLA Essay Sample Purgatory?

What Is an MLA Essay Sample Purgatory?MLA essay sample purgatory might also be described as a special class that is meant to evaluate the skills of an aspiring student. This program has been prepared for those who are keen to excel in their academic studies. Those who possess high-performing abilities in their higher studies would find this program quite useful. It will require them to read and analyze articles published in MLA.Those who are keen to make the most out of this essay sample purgatory should first gather the necessary information. As it has been mentioned, this course is meant to evaluate a student's writing. Those who are eager to study and excel in writing would find this idea very appealing.While some would prefer to have easy-to-follow instructions on what they have to do, others would prefer to focus on career goals. The essay sample purgatory course may be chosen depending on what an individual wants to do. They may choose from the various courses that offer genera l knowledge, career information, or career research. It is important to note that all the topics in these subjects are closely related to each other.Another important thing that should be taken into consideration when looking into the subject of college education is the place where it is being taken. It is not advisable to take the course if it is being studied at a university or a college. The campus requirements might be too difficult to accomplish. This type of college education is not meant for those who want to have easy-to-do tasks.Those who wish to have easy essay samples are likely to take the course titled The Writing Process for Academic Success. As it is mentioned, this course is meant to evaluate a student's skill in writing. It does not matter if the student was already into writing at school. The main purpose of this program is to evaluate the ability of an individual.It is quite possible for individuals to be able to write better than those professional writers, but t hey lack the discipline and the dedication to do so. The main task is to concentrate on the material that has to be written and then type it out. When there is no set plan, it would be hard to reach one's target. This might not be good enough for those who want to excel in their work.Those who are into careers like law, medicine, nursing, accounting, or other careers would also take advantage of the course titled The Conceptual Ideas of Career Planning and Selection. It is important to note that this is not a full-fledged curriculum. There is no need to have completed the courses mentioned. The only requirement is that the student needs to have basic knowledge in these subjects.The program is intended to help those who would like to write essays but do not know how to write professionally. The class is designed to provide those with the right idea about writing. It also provides students with the tools needed to have a better education. It is a good idea to check online for more inf ormation on this course.

Probable cause of bipolar disorder

Probable cause of bipolar disorder Free Online Research Papers In the last few years, doctors find the probable cause of bipolar disorder is an inherited lack of stability in nerve impulse transmission in the brain. This biochemical brain problem causes people with bipolar disorder to be more susceptible to physical and emotional stresses. Researchers have found several genes that could be linked to the disorder. This may explain why bipolar disorder seems to run in families. Bipolar itself means two poles as it is characterized by mood swings. The manic episode begins with increased energy, creativity, and social ease that can easily go into uncontrollable anger, agitation, and feelings of being irritable. The other side of the pole, depression, is a lack of energy, feeling sad, worthlessness, and thoughts of suicide. These mood swings are totally unrelated to things going on in the person’s life. Bipolar disorder affects close to 1% of the population of the United States. As many as one-fifth of the 3 million people in the United States who develop bipolar disorder eventually find the emotional ride intolerable and kill themselves (Bower 232). Suicide is, in fact, the second major cause of death worldwide in women between the ages of 15 and 44. Almost all of these suicides are connected to mental illness, and most mental illnesses are treatable (Jamison 80).People with bipolar disorder experience depressive episodes consisting of sadness, low energy, worthlessness, and suicidal thoughts alternating with manic episodes of euphoria,inflated self-esteem, and high energy levels. This disorder with its mood swings can permanently disable people, and without treatment, one out of five commit suicide. Many people with bipolar disorder are very intelligent, creative, and talented. With this creativity comes madness, they are very emotionally sensitive; they lack confidence in themsel ves and their relationships, and in the working world. Many have learned to overcome the madness and manage the disorder; they are successful artist, actors, poets, writers, and college graduates. Their success is due to drug therapy, psychotherapy, and behavior management. Once a person understands the causes and symptoms of the illness itself, they will be able to take control of their treatment and learn to manage it. Most doctors believe that bipolar disorder is primarily biological rather than psychological. A number of genes have been identified that may be related to the disorder. Bipolar disorder seems to run in families. Dr. John Nurnberger, a recognized authority and researcher on the disorder stated, If a first-degree relative is affected with bipolar illness, one’s risk is 25 percent, as compared with about 7 percent in the general population. For a child with two affected parents, it’s 50 percent. If one’s identical twin is affected, the risk is about 65% (Post†¦ 271). If you have a number of relatives with the bipolar disorder or depression, the chance may be greater. There is no one proven cause of bipolar disorder. Medical research is trying to find a connection between the illness and chemical deficits with the brain cells. It suggests that bipolar disorder is most likely an inherited problem somehow related to a lack of stability in the transmission of nerve impulses in the brain due to chemical deficits. Serotonin is the most common believed deficit, two others are norephinephrine and dopamine. This biochemical imbalance makes those with bipolar disorder more susceptible to physical and emotional stress. If there is some kind of trauma, lack of sleep, substance use, or some other over stimulation, the normal brain function for restoring calm don’t always work right. Additionally, medical conditions such as strokes, hyperthyroidism, encephalitis, seizure disorders, and tumors can bring about the mania associated with bipolar disorder. Certain drugs may have the same effect (Bipolar†¦ 2). Both magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomographic scans show structural abnormalities called hyperintensities, referred to as unidentified bright objects (UBOs), in the brains of many manic-depressives (Leutwyler 47). It is only a matter of time before researchers know more. Researchers know chemical deficiencies in the brain cause certain types of physical symptoms and that is why they feel it is related to the symptoms of bipolar disorder .Bipolar disorder is identified by highs and lows in moods. There are actually four different types of mood episodes namely manic, hypomanic, depression, and mixed. Each episode has its own distinct set of symptoms. Mania (manic episode) can start out with the person feeling energetic, creative, and socially at ease, but can quickly escalate into anger, agitation, and aggression. During the manic stage a person may have trouble functioning in a normal way. Usually at least four of the following symptoms are present: Feeling euphoric (high) or dysphoric irritable).Requiring very little sleep yet having large amounts of energy.Thoughts racing through your mind.Talking so rapidly that others can’t follow what you are saying.Your mind is distracted and jumping from thought to thought. Delusions of grandeur (feeling powerful and important).Doing reckless things without worrying or being concerned about the consequences, such as spending too much money or inappropriate sexual activity. There may also be psychotic symptoms such as delusions believing things that aren’t true) and hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that aren’t there. Hypomania is similar to mania but with less severe symptoms. It is characterized as feeling better than usual, elevated mood, and feeling productive. Many people with bipolar disorder like this feeling and sometimes will even quit taking their medication just to attain it. Hypomania doesn’t last and soon they are either become manic or crash into depression. Depression has the following symptoms that can last for at least two weeks and can interfere with functioning. The symptoms are feeling blue, sad, or losing interest in things you normally enjoy. Having at least four of the following symptoms is another sigh of depression: Trouble sleeping or sleeping too much, Eating too much or too little, Having trouble making decisions or concentrating, Feeling slowed down or feeling too agitated to sit still, Having low self-esteem or feeling worthless, Loss of energy or feeling tired all the time, Thoughts of suicide or death, There may also be hallucinations or delusions. Mixed episodes can be the most disabling of all. This episode has both symptoms of mania and depression at the same time or alternating back and forth during the day. A person may feel excitable and agitated as in mania, but also feel depressed and irritable. Mixed episodes are more common in women, and the causes do make sense.Three possible gender differences in the course of bipolar disorder have been suggested. (1) The prevalence of rapid-cycling bipolar disorder is higher among bipolar women than among bipolar men. (2) Bipolar women may be at a higher risk for depressive episodes, and at a lower risk for manic episodes, than bipolar men. (3) Bipolar women may be more likely than bipolar men to have mixed, as opposed to pure, mania (Leibenluft 6). These differences may be caused by the hypothyroidism, which is more common in women and gonadal steroids (hormones and menstrual cycles). Also there is a high chance of depression during the postpartum period. Since women have a higher chance of depression, then some rapid cycling and mixed states could be due to the medications treating the depression.The symptoms of the different types of episodes help the doctor to diagnose what type of bipolar disorder a person has. There are four types, and they are bipolar type I, bipolar type II, rapid cycling, and schizoaffective. Bipolar type I is characterized by manic or mixed episodes and usually depressions. You can be diagnosed bipolar I even after just one manic episode. It is very likely you will have depressive episodes in the future as well as more mania, if left untreated. Bipolar type II is characterized as hypomanic episodes and depressive episodes only. This type is very hard to diagnose as you avoid getting into trouble, are very happy and have a lot of energy. Most of the time you have depression and are treated with only an anti-depressant, causing the medication to trigger mania or set off more frequent cycles. Rapid cycling bipolar disorder occurs when you have at least four episodes per year. This can be any combination of manic, hypomanic, depressive or mixed. This course pattern is seen in approximately 5-15% of patients with bipolar disorder(Kahn 82). One cause maybe from taking anti-depressants, which can trigger mania, followed by a crash back to depression. This causes a continual roller coaster of ups and downs. Schizoaffective disorder is a condition that overlaps bipolar disorder. In bipolar disorder psychotic symptoms may occur during a severe manic or depressive episode but disappear as after the episode. With schizoaffective disorder, the psychotic symptoms, such as hallucinations and delusions persist even when the mood symptoms are under control. Dual diagnosis occurs when you have bipolar disorder and another mental disorder such as an addiction (substance abuse), personality disorders, attention deficit disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and anxiety disorders. Having one or more additional disorders makes diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder more difficult. Substance abuse history lowers the chances of remission from acute mania. Patients with bipolar disorder with histories of substance abuse were most likely males not taking their medications and having suicidal ideations. Patients with mixed mania were more likely than those with pure mania to abuse alcohol, hallucinogens, amphetamines/stimulants, or sedative/hypnotics. Bipolar disorder can be treated in a combination of ways. There is medication for the acute manic episode and preventative treatment, psychotherapy, behavior modification and electroshock therapy. According to psychologist Kay Redfield Jamison who also struggles with bipolar disorder, Lithium (one of the most used medications)†¦makes psychotherapy possible†¦but ineffably, psychotherapy heals (Bower 233). This means to me that medication and psychotherapy go hand in hand. The two most important medications used to control the symptoms of bipolar disorder are mood stabilizers and antidepressants. Other medications that may be prescribed are sleepaids, anti-anxieties, or anti-psychotic medications.For acute manic, hypomanic, mixed episodes, and occasionally depression, mood stabilizers are used. In the United States the most commonly used mood stabilizers are Lithium, Valproate (Depakote), and Carbamazepine (Tegretol). Lithium is used for patients with more euphoric moods, Depakote or Tegretol if your mood is mixed or irritable or rapid cycling. Depakote and Tegretol are anti-epileptic medications that work on calming the brain. Researchers aren’t sure how Lithium works. Lithium is eliminated by the kidney and the primary elimination route for the older anti-epileptic agents (Depakote and Tegretol) is liver metabolism (Lam 1). Blood tests are performed to determine the correct dosage and also to watch for any problems with liver function with the use of Depakote and thyroid function with the use of Lithium. Each person reacts differently to the medications, so if one does not work for you or if there are side effects that don’t subside, your doctor can suggest another. A newer mood stabilizer that is being used is Neurontin. Neurontin does not need to be followed by blood tests, has very few side effects, and is virtually impossible to overdose on. Depression is treated with anti-depressants, but they are usually used with a mood stabilizer. An anti-depressant without a mood stabilizer can cause you to go into a manic episode. Some of the most common anti-depressants are Prozac, Paxil, Wellbutrin, and Effexor. Most of these medications increase the re-uptake of serotonin, a needed chemical in the brain. Anti-depressants can take several weeks to start working, so sometimes your doctor may order something to help you with agitation, anxiety or sleep in the meantime. Even though the first drug given to you usually works, it is common to go through several anti-depressants before finding the one that works best for you. No matter what the drug, treatment for bipolar disorder is no easy thing. Patients often have difficulty accepting what is essentially a permanent change in their lifestyles. They also may resent ending or limiting manic episodes, since they regard them as wonderful periods of positive energy rather than as symptoms. These beliefs may be so strong that patients refuse to take their medication (Bipolar†¦ 3).Stopping one medications will eventually cause them to drop into the depths of depression or go over the edge in mania. As many as one-fifth of the estimated three million people in the United States who develop bipolar disorder eventually find the emotional ride intolerable and kill themselves†¦Repeated forays into both mania and depression, however, lay waste to marriages, friendships, and other social ties (Bower 233). If medications are not working fast enough for one , A persons doctor may recommend ECT (electroconvulsive therapy). For psychotic depression it is most often the most safest and effective treatment. It is also used for medication resistant depressions. It is has improved over the years and is very safe. Medications are the most important treatment in bipolar disorder, but in order to heal the damage done during the depression and mania, psychotherapy must come into play. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is one method that works as well as medication in acute cases of depressions, but not so well on chronic depression.† the depressed individual can be taught to substitute positive thoughts for negative thoughts in response to cues that trigger symptoms of depression. (Sundel 225). Negative cognitions beliefs, thoughts, attitudes, or emotions can be the most common symptoms of depression. CBT works best if you are willing to work at it. Because CBT emphasizes the acquisition of emotional problem-solving skills, it is quite labour-intensive and requires that patients possess insight, motivation, and the capacity to concentrate. This may limit its applicability to a more heterogeneous bipolar population(Zaretsy 494). The most dangerous self-treatment a person can do is not staying on their medications. Several others are sleep deprivation and St. John’s Wort. Sleep deprivation and disruptions in sleep can be very dangerous to a person with bipolar disorder. According to Dr. Ellen Frank, professor of psychiatry and psychology at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center’s Western psychiatric Institute and Clinic, For reasons we have yet to learn, people with bipolar disorder seem to have more delicate internal clock mechanisms (Sleep†¦ 1). Caution must be used with sleep deprivation therapy, because manic episodes often follow the end of a depressive episode. Extensive literature indicates that sleep deprivation can precipitate an antidepressant response in depressed patients, and a manic episode in bipolar patients (Leibenluft 9). According to Kay Redfield Jamison, professor of psychiatry at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, who is has bipolar disorder, The incidence among creative people is 10 to 20 times greater than that of the general population (Lewis 1). And several recent studies, including Jamison’s own survey of 47 British writers and artists, support her hypothesis that creative individuals are especially subject to mood disorders and suicide (Even†¦ 22). Jamison’s work suggests that periods of creative productivity are preceded by an elevated mood. It is as if certain types of moods open up thought, allowing for greater creativity (Neihart 49). One article written in Harvard Business Review stated In our consulting experience during the last decade, we have found manic depressive executives at the top of some of the most successful U.S. companies as chairmen, CEOs, and senior VPs. They are also represented among the ranks of the United States’ most brilliant entrepreneurs. They are risk takers. They build empires. And they often become wealthy. High political office has always attracted its share of manic-depressive leaders, including Winston Churchill, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln (Lieblich 4). This disorder did not stop them from attaining success in their lives. Their treatment is the basically the same as ours medication and therapy and yet they succeed. Bipolar disorder can be a very disabling illness caused by an inherited chemical imbalance of the brain. The extreme mood swings between mania and depression can interrupt a person’s life and their immediate family’s life. The mania or depression of bipolar disorder is treatable once stabilized with medications. Individual therapy, group therapy and behavior modification can also be helpful in maintaining stability in this disorder. Five things one must do daily that can help them to maintain and remain stable in this disorder are: taking their medication, get six to eight hours of sleep, eat three meals per day, drink plenty of fluids, and exercise. Many people with bipolar disorder are creative artist, actors and writers. Along with this creativity and genius there is madness, yet they find away to manage their disorder. Bipolar Disorder: A Treatable Illness. Psychopharmacology Update 5 #11 (Nov 94): 2-4 Bower, Bruce. Pushing the Mood Swings. Science News 157 #15 (Apr 2000): 232-234 Even Geniuses Get the Blues. Civilization 2 #3 (May/June 95): 22-23 Jamison, Kay Redfield. A World Apart. Newsweek Special Edition (Spring/Summer99): 79-80 Kahn, David A., Ruth Ross, A. John Rush, and Susan Panico. Expert Consensus Treatment Guidelines for Bipolar Disorder: A Guide for Patients and Families. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 57 #12A (1996) Lam, Y.W. Francis. Gabapentin, Lithium Coadministration May Alter Drug Clearance. Psychopharmacology Update 10 #8 (Aug 99): 1-2 Leibenluft, Ellen. Women and Bipolar Disorder: An Update. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic 64 #1(Winter2000): 5-18 Leutwyler, Kristin. Coming Through Madness. Scientific American 273 #5 (Nov 95): 44-47 Lewis, Ricki. Evening out the Ups and Downs of Manic Depressive Illness. FDA Consumer (June 1996) Lieblich, Julia – Harvard Business Review. Managing a Manic Depressive. Harvard Business Review (May1994): 20 Neihart, Maureen. Creativity, The Arts, and Madness. Roeper Review 21 #1 (Sep 98): 47-51 Post Update the Genetics of Bipolar Disorder. Saturday Evening Post 271 (Jan 99) Prior Substance Abuse May Hinder Treatment For Bipolar Disorder. Outcomes Accountability Alert 5 #2 (Feb 2000): 5-6 Sleep Loss Can Trigger Mania. 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